Just what did the Kansas School Board approve?

After a bit of digging around on the Web,
i found the Science Curriculum Standards
that were approved yesterday by the Kansas State Board of Education.
They are among the
meeting
materials for that day's board meeting

(pages 263 to 383 of the 438-page document).
The standards begin with a rationale statement that has
this to say about evolution (page 265):


Regarding the scientific theory of biological evolution,
the curriculum standards call for students
to learn about the best evidence for modern evolutionary theory,
but also to learn about areas where scientists
are raising scientific criticisms of the theory.
These curriculum standards reflect the Board's objective of:
1) to help students understand the full range
of scientific views that exist on this topic,
2) to enhance critical thinking and the understanding
of the scientific method by encouraging students
to study different and opposing scientific evidence,
and 3) to ensure that science education
in our state is "secular, neutral, and non-ideological."


From the testimony and submissions we have received,
we are aware that the study and discussion
of the origin and development of life
may raise deep personal and philosophical questions
for many people on all sides of the debate.
But as interesting as these personal questions may be,
the personal questions are not covered by these curriculum standards
nor are they the basis for the Board's actions in this area.


Evolution is accepted by many scientists but questioned by some.
The Board has heard credible scientific testimony
that indeed there are significant debates
about the evidence for key aspects
of chemical and biological evolutionary theory.
All scientific theories should be approached with an open mind,
studied carefully, and critically considered.
We therefore think it is important and appropriate
for students to know about these scientific debates
and for the Science Curriculum Standards
to include information about them.
In choosing this approach to the science curriculum standards,
we are encouraged by the similar approach taken by other states,
whose new science standards incorporate scientific criticisms
into the science curriculum that describes the scientific case
for the theory of evolution.


We also emphasize that the Science Curriculum Standards
do not include Intelligent Design,
the scientific disagreement with the claim
of many evolutionary biologists
that the apparent design of living systems is an illusion.
While the testimony presented at the science hearings
included many advocates of Intelligent Design,
these standards neither mandate nor prohibit
teaching about this scientific disagreement.



Among the statements recommended by the KSBE are the following (all
part of Grades 8-12, Standard 3, Benchmark 3), shown on pages
247 to 249.
Note the addition of unsupported challenges to evolution
and particularly the language about "microevolution" and "macroevolution".
The KSBE contracted the Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory
(McREL) to review the science standard; the column on the right shows
what McREL had to say about each statement and how the KSBE responded.

































Statement in Science Curriculum Standards

McREL Review and KSBE Response

Patterns of diversification and extinction of organisms are
documented in the fossil record. Evidence also indicates that simple,
bacterialike life may have existed billions of years ago. However, in
many cases the fossil record is not consistent with gradual, unbroken
sequences postulated by biological evolution.

Criticized by McREL for "additional specificity that undercuts the indicator",
but retained by the KSBE science subcommittee.

Biological evolution postulates an unguided natural process
that has no discernable direction or goal.

Criticized by McREL as a "confusing or unclear statement",
but retained by the KSBE science subcommittee.

The view that living things in all the major kingdoms
are modified descendants of a common ancestor
(described in the pattern of a branching tree)
has been challenged in recent years by:

  1. Discrepancies in the molecular evidence (e.g., differences in
    relatedness inferred from sequence studies of different proteins)
    previously thought to support that view.
  2. A fossil record
    that shows sudden bursts of increased complexity (the Cambrian
    Explosion), long periods of stasis and the absence of abundant
    transitional forms rather than steady gradual increases in complexity, and
  3. Studies that show animals follow different rather
    than identical early stages of embryological development.


Criticized by McREL for "supporting content not found in
comparison documents", but retained by the KSBE science
subcommittee.

Whether microevolution (change within a species) can be
extrapolated to explain macroevolutionary changes (such as new complex
organs or body plans and new biochemical systems which appear
irreducibly complex) is controversial. These kinds of
macroevolutionary explanations generally are not based on direct
observations and often reflect historical narratives based on
inferences from indirect or circumstantial evidence.

Criticized by McREL for "supporting content not found in comparison
documents", but retained by the KSBE science subcommittee.

Explains proposed scientific explanations of the origin of
life as well as scientific criticisms of those explanations.

Criticized by McREL for "supporting content not found in
comparison documents", but retained by the KSBE science subcommittee.


  1. A lack of empirical evidence for a "primordial soup"
    or a chemically hospitable pre-biotic atmosphere;
  2. The
    lack of adequate natural explanations for the genetic code, the
    sequences of genetic information necessary to specify life, the
    biochemical machinery needed to translate genetic information into
    functional biosystems, and the formation of proto-cells; and

  3. The sudden rather than gradual emergence of organisms near the time
    that the Earth first became habitable.


Criticized by McREL for
"supporting content not found in comparison documents",
but retained by the KSBE science subcommittee.